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I used the DIV tag to create the two columns. I used <div style="float: left;"> for the left columan and <div style="float: right;"> for the right column. I enclosed both of them in an outer DIV. Since I wanted to have a top margin of 75 pixels for the outer DIV to separate it from the material above, I used <div style="margin-top: 75px;"> for it. But when I viewed the page, the material in the two columns wasn't appearing the way I wanted it to appear. I then tried adding overflow: auto to the outer DIV as shown below.

<div style="margin-top: 75px; overflow: auto;">

<div style="float: left;">
Stuff in left column
</div>

<div style="float: right;">
Stuff in right column
</div>

</div>

<p>Stuff below</p>

That looked fine when viewed in Firefox, but Internet Explorer showed the "stuff below" between the two columns.

I was able to resolve the problem by inserting a complete "cleared" element last in the container as explained at How To Clear Floats Without Structural Markup By adding another DIV below the two column DIVs but within the outer DIV, I was able to get the results I wanted in both Internet Explorer and Firefox. That DIV was just <div style="clear: both;"></div>.

So I then had the following HTML code for the page.

<div style="margin-top: 75px; overflow: auto;">

<div style="float: left;">
Stuff in left column
</div>

<div style="float: right;">
Stuff in right column
</div>

<div style="clear: both;"></div>

</div>

<p>Stuff below</p>

References:

1. 2 Column Div float right and left child divs outside parent
   Date: August 31, 2010
   Stack Overflow
2. How To Clear Floats Without Structural Markup
   By: Big John
   Created May 14, 2004
   Last updated: July 2, 2008
   Position Is Everything

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CSS provides adds additional capabilities for controlling the appearance of web pages and provides a mechanism for separating webpage content from web page design to allow a uniform look for webpages throughout a site.

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<a title="Text to be displayed on mouse hover">Some text<a>

Which will produce the following:

Some text.

References:

1. Show text on Hover
   Date: September 22, 2005
   newsgroups.derkeiler.com: The source for newsgroups news

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<div style="background-color: blue; color: white; width: 640px; padding: 2px;">
<pre>
<u style="border-bottom: solid 1px;">Windows XP Professional Setup</u>


</pre></div>

The code would produce the following:

Windows XP Professional Setup

References:

1. How do you make a double underline???
   Date: December 11, 2006
   Forums - CreateBlog

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No Character encoding declared at document level

No character encoding information was found within the document, either in an HTML meta element or an XML declaration. It is often recommended to declare the character encoding in the document itself, especially if there is a chance that the document will be read from or saved to disk, CD, etc.

There are, of course, many other useful references on the matter on the web. The Wikipedia article, Character encodings in HTML explains how browsers determine the character encoding of a webpage. Wikipedia provides information on issues related to the internationalization and localization, often abbreviated as i18n (where 18 stands for the number of letters between the i and the n in internationalization, a usage coined at DEC in the 1970s or 80s) and L10n respectively. The capital L in L10n helps to distinguish it from the lowercase i in i18n.

UTF-8: The Securet of Character Encoding has a good explanation of why it is advisable to specify the character encoding for your HTML documents and why using UTF-8 is recommended.

The webserver is providing information on the encoding of the webpages, i.e. it is sending Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 in the HTTP headers it sends to browsers, but I haven't been including a meta tag in the pages specifying the encoding, i.e. I haven't been using <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">. I decided to add that immediately after the <head> tag in the template I use for my webpages.

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For instance, sometimes I use superscripts in a document to link to a reference. Normally a link will be underlined, which will look slightly odd. E.g., if I link back to the reference ¹, I used for this blog entry, the number "1" has an underline below it. If I don't want it to appear I can use the HTML code below.

<a href="http://www.pageresource.com/html/link3.htm" style="text-decoration:none"><sup>1</sup></a>

Using that code the reference ¹ superscrpt is not underlined.

If you don't want any URLs in the webpage underlined, you can add the following code to the head section of the HTML for the webpage.

<STYLE type="text/css">
<!--
A { text-decoration:none }
-->
</STYLE>

With the above code placed between your <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags, you can code your links as you normally would, but none of them will be underlined. The style sheet in the head section will make them all non-underlined.

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