firewall-cmd − firewalld command line client
|
firewall−cmd [OPTIONS...] |
firewall−cmd is the command line client of the firewalld daemon. It provides interface to manage runtime and permanent configuration.
The runtime configuration in firewalld is separated from the permanent configuration. This means that things can get changed in the runtime or permanent configuration.
The following options are supported:
General
Options
−h, −−help
Prints a short help text and exits.
−V, −−version
Print the version string of firewalld. This option is not combinable with other options.
−q, −−quiet
Do not print status messages.
Status
Options
−−state
Check whether the firewalld daemon is active (i.e. running). Returns an exit code 0 if it is active, NOT_RUNNING otherwise (see the section called “EXIT CODES”). This will also print the state to STDOUT.
−−reload
Reload firewall rules and keep state information. Current permanent configuration will become new runtime configuration, i.e. all runtime only changes done until reload are lost with reload if they have not been also in permanent configuration.
−−complete−reload
Reload firewall completely, even netfilter kernel modules. This will most likely terminate active connections, because state information is lost. This option should only be used in case of severe firewall problems. For example if there are state information problems that no connection can be established with correct firewall rules.
Permanent
Options
−−permanent
The permanent option −−permanent can be used to set options permanently. These changes are not effective immediately, only after service restart/reload or system reboot. Without the −−permanent option, a change will only be part of the runtime configuration. The −−permanent option can not be used with all options.
If you want to make a change in runtime and permanent configuration, use the same call with and without the−−permanent option.
The −−permanent option can be optionally added to all options further down where it is supported.
Zone Options
−−get−default−zone
Print default zone for connections and interfaces.
−−set−default−zone=zone
Set default zone for connections and interfaces where no zone has been selected. Setting the default zone changes the zone for the connections or interfaces, that are using the default zone.
This is a runtime and permanent change.
−−get−active−zones
Print currently active zones altogether with interfaces and sources used in these zones. Active zones are zones, that have a binding to an interface or source. The output format is:
zone1
interfaces: interface1 interface2 ..
sources: source1 ..
zone2
interfaces: interface3 ..
zone3
sources: source2 ..
If there are no interfaces or sources bound to the zone, the corresponding line will be omitted.
[−−permanent] −−get−zones
Print predefined zones as a space separated list.
[−−permanent] −−get−services
Print predefined services as a space separated list.
[−−permanent] −−get−icmptypes
Print predefined icmptypes as a space separated list.
[−−permanent] −−get−zone−of−interface=interface
Print the name of the zone the interface is bound to or no zone.
[−−permanent] −−get−zone−of−source=source[/mask]
Print the name of the zone the source[/mask] is bound to or no zone.
[−−permanent] −−list−all−zones
List everything added for or enabled in all zones. The output format is:
zone1
interfaces: interface1 ..
sources: source1 ..
services: service1 ..
ports: port1 ..
forward−ports:
forward−port1
..
icmp−blocks: icmp−type1 ..
rich rules:
rich−rule1
..
..
−−permanent −−new−zone=zone
Add a new permanent zone.
−−permanent −−delete−zone=zone
Delete an existing permanent zone.
−−permanent [−−zone=zone] −−get−target
Get the target of a permanent zone.
−−permanent [−−zone=zone] −−set−target=target
Set the target of a permanent zone. target is one of: default, ACCEPT, DROP, %%REJECT%%
Options to
Adapt and Query Zones
Options in this section affect only one particular zone. If
used with −−zone=zone option, they
affect the zone zone. If the option is omitted, they
affect default zone (see
−−get−default−zone).
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−list−all
List everything added for or enabled in zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−list−services
List services added for zone as a space separated list. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−add−service=service [−−timeout=timeval]
Add a service for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. This option can be specified multiple times. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.
The service is one of the firewalld provided services. To get a list of the supported services, use firewall−cmd −−get−services.
The −−timeout option is not combinable with the −−permanent option.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−remove−service=service
Remove a service from zone. This option can be specified multiple times. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−query−service=service
Return whether service has been added for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−list−ports
List ports added for zone as a space separated list. A port is of the form portid[−portid]/protocol, it can be either a port and protocol pair or a port range with a protocol. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−add−port=portid[−portid]/protocol [−−timeout=timeval]
Add the port for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. This option can be specified multiple times. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.
The port can either be a single port number or a port range portid−portid. The protocol can either be tcp or udp.
The −−timeout option is not combinable with the −−permanent option.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−remove−port=portid[−portid]/protocol
Remove the port from zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. This option can be specified multiple times.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−query−port=portid[−portid]/protocol
Return whether the port has been added for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−list−icmp−blocks
List Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) type blocks added for zone as a space separated list. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−add−icmp−block=icmptype [−−timeout=timeval]
Add an ICMP block for icmptype for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. This option can be specified multiple times. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.
The icmptype is the one of the icmp types firewalld supports. To get a listing of supported icmp types: firewall−cmd −−get−icmptypes
The −−timeout option is not combinable with the −−permanent option.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−remove−icmp−block=icmptype
Remove the ICMP block for icmptype from zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. This option can be specified multiple times.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−query−icmp−block=icmptype
Return whether an ICMP block for icmptype has been added for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−list−forward−ports
List IPv4 forward ports added for zone as a space separated list. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
For IPv6 forward ports, please use the rich language.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−add−forward−port=port=portid[−portid]:proto=protocol[:toport=portid[−portid]][:toaddr=address[/mask]] [−−timeout=timeval]
Add the IPv4 forward port for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. This option can be specified multiple times. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.
The port can either be a single port number portid or a port range portid−portid. The protocol can either be tcp or udp. The destination address is a simple IP address.
The −−timeout option is not combinable with the −−permanent option.
For IPv6 forward ports, please use the rich language.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−remove−forward−port=port=portid[−portid]:proto=protocol[:toport=portid[−portid]][:toaddr=address[/mask]]
Remove the IPv4 forward port from zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. This option can be specified multiple times.
For IPv6 forward ports, please use the rich language.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−query−forward−port=port=portid[−portid]:proto=protocol[:toport=portid[−portid]][:toaddr=address[/mask]]
Return whether the IPv4 forward port has been added for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
For IPv6 forward ports, please use the rich language.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−add−masquerade [−−timeout=timeval]
Enable IPv4 masquerade for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. If a timeout is supplied, masquerading will be active for the specified amount of time. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h. Masquerading is useful if the machine is a router and machines connected over an interface in another zone should be able to use the first connection.
The −−timeout option is not combinable with the −−permanent option.
For IPv6 masquerading, please use the rich language.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−remove−masquerade
Disable IPv4 masquerade for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. If the masquerading was enabled with a timeout, it will be disabled also.
For IPv6 masquerading, please use the rich language.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−query−masquerade
Return whether IPv4 masquerading has been enabled for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
For IPv6 masquerading, please use the rich language.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−list−rich−rules
List rich language rules added for zone as a newline separated list. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−add−rich−rule='rule' [−−timeout=timeval]
Add rich language rule 'rule' for zone. This option can be specified multiple times. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.
For the rich language rule syntax, please have a look at firewalld.richlanguage(5).
The −−timeout option is not combinable with the −−permanent option.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−remove−rich−rule='rule'
Remove rich language rule 'rule' from zone. This option can be specified multiple times. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
For the rich language rule syntax, please have a look at firewalld.richlanguage(5).
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−query−rich−rule='rule'
Return whether a rich language rule 'rule' has been added for zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
For the rich language rule syntax, please have a look at firewalld.richlanguage(5).
Options to
Handle Bindings of Interfaces
Binding an interface to a zone means that this zone settings
are used to restrict traffic via the interface.
Options in this section affect only one particular zone. If used with −−zone=zone option, they affect the zone zone. If the option is omitted, they affect default zone (see −−get−default−zone).
For a list of predefined zones use firewall−cmd −−get−zones.
An interface name is a string up to 16 characters long, that may not contain ' ', '/', '!' and '*'.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−list−interfaces
List interfaces that are bound to zone zone as a space separated list. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−add−interface=interface
Bind interface interface to zone zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
As a end user you don't need this in most cases, because NetworkManager adds interfaces into zones automatically. For permanent association of interface with a zone, see 'How to set or change a zone for a connection?' in firewalld.zones(5).
[−−zone=zone] −−change−interface=interface
Change zone the interface interface is bound to to zone zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. If old and new zone are the same, the call will be ignored without an error. If the interface has not been bound to a zone before, it will behave like −−add−interface.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−query−interface=interface
Query whether interface interface is bound to zone zone. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−remove−interface=interface
Remove binding of interface interface from zone zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
Options to
Handle Bindings of Sources
Binding a source to a zone means that this zone settings
will be used to restrict traffic from this source.
A source address or address range is either an IP address or a network IP address with a mask for IPv4 or IPv6. For IPv4, the mask can be a network mask or a plain number. For IPv6 the mask is a plain number. The use of host names is not supported.
Options in this section affect only one particular zone. If used with −−zone=zone option, they affect the zone zone. If the option is omitted, they affect default zone (see −−get−default−zone).
For a list of predefined zones use firewall−cmd [−−permanent] −−get−zones.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−list−sources
List sources that are bound to zone zone as a space separated list. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−add−source=source[/mask]
Bind source source[/mask] to zone zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
[−−zone=zone] −−change−source=source[/mask]
Change zone the source source[/mask] is bound to to zone zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used. If old and new zone are the same, the call will be ignored without an error. If the source has not been bound to a zone before, it will behave like −−add−source.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−query−source=source[/mask]
Query whether the source source[/mask] is bound to the zone zone. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
[−−permanent] [−−zone=zone] −−remove−source=source[/mask]
Remove binding of source source[/mask] from zone zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.
Service
Options
−−permanent
−−new−service=service
Add a new permanent service.
−−permanent −−delete−service=service
Delete an existing permanent service.
Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) type Options
−−permanent
−−new−icmptype=icmptype
Add a new permanent icmptype.
−−permanent −−delete−icmptype=icmptype
Delete an existing permanent icmptype.
Direct
Options
The direct options give a more direct access to the
firewall. These options require user to know basic iptables
concepts, i.e. table (filter/mangle/nat/...),
chain (INPUT/OUTPUT/FORWARD/...), commands
(−A/−D/−I/...), parameters
(−p/−s/−d/−j/...) and targets
(ACCEPT/DROP/REJECT/...).
Direct options should be used only as a last resort when it's not possible to use for example −−add−service=service or −−add−rich−rule='rule'.
The first argument of each option has to be ipv4 or ipv6 or eb. With ipv4 it will be for IPv4 (iptables(8)), with ipv6 for IPv6 (ip6tables(8)) and with eb for ethernet bridges (ebtables(8)).
[−−permanent] −−direct −−get−all−chains
Get all chains added to all tables.
This option concerns only chains previously added with −−direct −−add−chain.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−get−chains { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table
Get all chains added to table table as a space separated list.
This option concerns only chains previously added with −−direct −−add−chain.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−add−chain { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain
Add a new chain with name chain to table table.
There already exist basic chains to use with direct options, for example INPUT_direct chain (see iptables−save | grep direct output for all of them). These chains are jumped into before chains for zones, i.e. every rule put into INPUT_direct will be checked before rules in zones.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−remove−chain { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain
Remove the chain with name chain from table table.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−query−chain { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain
Return whether a chain with name chain exists in table table. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
This option concerns only chains previously added with −−direct −−add−chain.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−get−all−rules
Get all rules added to all chains in all tables as a newline separated list of the priority and arguments.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−get−rules { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain
Get all rules added to chain chain in table table as a newline separated list of the priority and arguments.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−add−rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain priority args
Add a rule with the arguments args to chain chain in table table with priority priority.
The priority is used to order rules. Priority 0 means add rule on top of the chain, with a higher priority the rule will be added further down. Rules with the same priority are on the same level and the order of these rules is not fixed and may change. If you want to make sure that a rule will be added after another one, use a low priority for the first and a higher for the following.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−remove−rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain priority args
Remove a rule with priority and the arguments args from chain chain in table table.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−remove−rules { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain
Remove all rules in the chain with name chain exists in table table.
This option concerns only rules previously added with −−direct −−add−rule in this chain.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−query−rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain priority args
Return whether a rule with priority and the arguments args exists in chain chain in table table. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
−−direct −−passthrough { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } args
Pass a command through to the firewall. args can be all iptables, ip6tables and ebtables command line arguments. This command is untracked, which means that firewalld is not able to provide information about this command later on, also not a listing of the untracked passthoughs.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−get−all−passthroughs
Get all passthrough rules as a newline separated list of the ipv value and arguments.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−get−passthroughs { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }
Get all passthrough rules for the ipv value as a newline separated list of the priority and arguments.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−add−passthrough { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } args
Add a passthrough rule with the arguments args for the ipv value.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−remove−passthrough { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } args
Remove a passthrough rule with the arguments args for the ipv value.
[−−permanent] −−direct −−query−passthrough { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } args
Return whether a passthrough rule with the arguments args exists for the ipv value. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
Lockdown
Options
Local applications or services are able to change the
firewall configuration if they are running as root (example:
libvirt) or are authenticated using PolicyKit. With this
feature administrators can lock the firewall configuration
so that only applications on lockdown whitelist are able to
request firewall changes.
The lockdown access check limits D−Bus methods that are changing firewall rules. Query, list and get methods are not limited.
The lockdown feature is a very light version of user and application policies for firewalld and is turned off by default.
−−lockdown−on
Enable lockdown. Be careful − if firewall−cmd is not on lockdown whitelist when you enable lockdown you won't be able to disable it again with firewall−cmd, you would need to edit firewalld.conf.
This is a runtime and permanent change.
−−lockdown−off
Disable lockdown.
This is a runtime and permanent change.
−−query−lockdown
Query whether lockdown is enabled. Returns 0 if lockdown is enabled, 1 otherwise.
Lockdown
Whitelist Options
The lockdown whitelist can contain commands,
contexts, users and user ids.
If a command entry on the whitelist ends with an asterisk '*', then all command lines starting with the command will match. If the '*' is not there the absolute command inclusive arguments must match.
Commands for user root and others is not always the same. Example: As root /bin/firewall−cmd is used, as a normal user /usr/bin/firewall−cmd is be used on Fedora.
The context is the security (SELinux) context of a running application or service. To get the context of a running application use ps −e −−context.
Warning: If the context is unconfined, then this will open access for more than the desired application.
The lockdown whitelist entries are checked in the following order:
1. context
2. uid
3. user
4. command
[−−permanent] −−list−lockdown−whitelist−commands
List all command lines that are on the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−add−lockdown−whitelist−command=command
Add the command to the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−remove−lockdown−whitelist−command=command
Remove the command from the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−query−lockdown−whitelist−command=command
Query whether the command is on the whitelist. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
[−−permanent] −−list−lockdown−whitelist−contexts
List all contexts that are on the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−add−lockdown−whitelist−context=context
Add the context context to the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−remove−lockdown−whitelist−context=context
Remove the context from the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−query−lockdown−whitelist−context=context
Query whether the context is on the whitelist. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
[−−permanent] −−list−lockdown−whitelist−uids
List all user ids that are on the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−add−lockdown−whitelist−uid=uid
Add the user id uid to the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−remove−lockdown−whitelist−uid=uid
Remove the user id uid from the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−query−lockdown−whitelist−uid=uid
Query whether the user id uid is on the whitelist. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
[−−permanent] −−list−lockdown−whitelist−users
List all user names that are on the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−add−lockdown−whitelist−user=user
Add the user name user to the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−remove−lockdown−whitelist−user=user
Remove the user name user from the whitelist.
[−−permanent] −−query−lockdown−whitelist−user=user
Query whether the user name user is on the whitelist. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.
Panic
Options
−−panic−on
Enable panic mode. All incoming and outgoing packets are dropped, active connections will expire. Enable this only if there are serious problems with your network environment. For example if the machine is getting hacked in.
This is a runtime only change.
−−panic−off
Disable panic mode. After disabling panic mode established connections might work again, if panic mode was enabled for a short period of time.
This is a runtime only change.
−−query−panic
Returns 0 if panic mode is enabled, 1 otherwise.
For more examples see http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FirewallD
Example
1
Enable http service in default zone. This is runtime only
change, i.e. effective until restart.
firewall−cmd −−add−service=http
Example
2
Enable port 443/tcp immediately and permanently in default
zone. To make the change effective immediately and also
after restart we need two commands. The first command makes
the change in runtime configuration, i.e. makes it effective
immediately, until restart. The second command makes the
change in permanent configuration, i.e. makes it effective
after restart.
firewall−cmd
−−add−port=443/tcp
firewall−cmd −−permanent
−−add−port=443/tcp
On success 0 is returned. On failure the output is red colored and exit code is either 2 in case of wrong command−line option usage or one of the following error codes in other cases:
firewall-applet(1), firewalld(1), firewall-cmd(1), firewall-config(1), firewalld.conf(5), firewalld.direct(5), firewalld.icmptype(5), firewalld.lockdown-whitelist(5), firewall-offline-cmd(1), firewalld.richlanguage(5), firewalld.service(5), firewalld.zone(5), firewalld.zones(5)
firewalld home page at fedorahosted.org:
http://fedorahosted.org/firewalld/
More documentation with examples:
http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FirewallD
Thomas Woerner <twoerner@redhat.com>
Developer
Jiri Popelka <jpopelka@redhat.com>
Developer