I needed to move some files from one Windows 11 system that is no longer being used, as the user is no longer working for the company, to another Windows 11 system where the user of that system, Pam, is now handling a task formerly handled by the prior employee, but while logged onto the account for the user now handling the task on her system, I noticed that her Documents folder was empty. The Windows domain name changed at that business a few years ago, so I thought that perhaps she might be using a Documents directory associated with her account under the prior domain name rather than the new one created for her new domain login. You can determine the location of a user's "My Documents" directory, which can be redirected to another location, including a network share or another drive, by issuing the PowerShell command [Environment]::GetFolderPath("MyDocuments"). E.g.:

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PS C:\Users\Pam> [Environment]::GetFolderPath("MyDocuments")
C:\Users\Pam\Documents
PS C:\Users\Pam>

The command utilizes the GetFolderPath method from the System.Environment class to retrieve the path of special folders, including "MyDocuments," for the user under whose context the script or command is executed. This method correctly identifies the mapped location even if the Documents folder has been redirected or moved from the default location.

In this case, I found that her "My Documents" directory was pointing to the directory associated with the old domain name. Her "home" folder was also pointing to the home folder that was in use for her account in the old domain. You can type $home in a PowerShell window to see that value. Or you can use $env:USERPROFILE to see the same information.

PS C:\Users\Pam> $Home
C:\Users\Pam
PS C:\Users\Pam >$env:userprofile
C:\Users\Pam
PS C:\Users\Pam>

[/os/windows/PowerShell] permanent link

When I tried to establish a Secure Shell (SSH) connection to a Windows 11 PC at a remote location today, I was unable to do so. I usually connect to the Windows domain controller at the location and establish the SSH connection to the user's Windows 11 system through it, but that was not working. I thought the problem was likely due to McAfee stopping providing firewall protection for incoming connections to ports on PCs as part of their antivirus software, since the antivirus software on PCs at that location was McAfee Antivirus Plus. When McAfee stopped providing that firewall service as part of McAfee AntiVirus Plus, the software reverted firewall protection for incoming connections to Microsoft's default firewall software, Microsoft Defender Firewall, aka Windows Firewall. When I check firewall protection on a Windows system running McAfee AntiVirus Plus, I now see the following message:

McAfee and Windows Defender are now working side by side

Our Advanced Firewall provides enhanced protection by blocking risky outgoing connections. Windows Defender Firewall provides protection for incoming connections.

Keep both firewalls on for complete protection.

So I thought I likely needed to create similar firewall rules for incoming connections in the Windows Firewall software as had existed previously in the McAfee firewall software.

[ More Info ]

[/os/windows/PowerShell] permanent link

To change the "from" address of a message in the Mutt email client while composing a message, you can use Esc-f, i.e., hit the Esc and f keys simultaneously. You will see a "From:" field appear near the bottom of the window with the current "from" address, which you can edit to replace it with whatever you would like. E.g., in the example below, I am changing the "from" address that the recipients of the message will see from jdoe@example.com to newsletter@example.com (the email address is within the angle brackets with a descriptive identifier before it.

y:Send q:Abort t:To c:CC s:Subj a:Attach file d:Descrip ?:Help               
    From: Joe Doe <jdoe@example.com>
      To: "Bruce K." <bkamen2145@gmail.com>
      Cc: albusd@example.com
     Bcc:
 Subject: Re: July 2025 Newsletter
Reply-To:
     Fcc: ~/sent
Security: None


-- Attachments                                                               
- I 1 /var/tmp/mutt-example-508-23668-418711[text/plain, 8bit, utf-8, 1.4K   




-- Mutt: Compose [Approx. msg size: 1.4K Atts: 1]----------------------------
From: Newsletter <newsletter@example.com>

After I've retyped the "from" address to be the one I want to appear, when I hit Enter, I will see the "from" address replaced with the one I want and can then hit y to send the message to recipients.

y:Send q:Abort t:To c:CC s:Subj a:Attach file d:Descrip ?:Help               
    From: Newsletter <newsletter@example.com>
      To: "Bruce K." <bkamen2145@gmail.com>
      Cc: albusd@example.com
     Bcc:
 Subject: Re: July 2025 Newsletter
Reply-To:
     Fcc: ~/sent
Security: None


-- Attachments                                                               
- I 1 /var/tmp/mutt-example-508-23668-418711[text/plain, 8bit, utf-8, 1.4K   




-- Mutt: Compose [Approx. msg size: 1.4K Atts: 1]----------------------------

For a way to change the "from" address from the command line, see Using a command-line interface (CLI) to send email with mutt.

[/network/email/clients/mutt] permanent link

1. In the terminal window enter the command sudo hostnamectl set-hostname newname where newname is the new name you wish to assign to the system. E.g.:

   jim@Firefly:~$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname Smaug
   [sudo: authenticate] Password: 
   jim@Firefly:~$

   That will change the host name stored in /etc/hostname.

2. Then edit the /etc/hosts file, replacing the old host name there with the new one. E.g., if I had the following lines in the hosts file, I would modify the second line containing the old host name.

   127.0.0.1 localhost
   127.0.1.1 Firefly
   

   The 127.0.0.1 in the above lines is the localhost IP address, a loopback address that can be used when troubleshooting network issues. Ubuntu also adds a 127.0.1.1 address in /etc/hosts with the name you have assigned to the system. The name should match the one in /etc/hostname, so change the name for the 127.0.1.1 address to the new name you wish to use.

References:

1. What is difference between localhost address 127.0.0.1 and 127.0.1.1
   Updated: April 2, 2021
   Ask Ubuntu

[/os/unix/linux/ubuntu] permanent link

If you need to change the password, i.e., the encryption key, used to encrypt a partition with Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) on a Linux system, you can open a terminal window and use the command sudo cryptsetup luksChangeKey /dev/sdaX where sdaX is the relevant partition. E.g., I needed to change the password on a Ubuntu Linux system where the user's data was stored on /dev/sda3.

jim@Firefly:~$ sudo cryptsetup luksChangeKey /dev/sda3
Enter passphrase to be changed:
Enter new passphrase:
Verify passphrase:
jim@Firefly:~$

If you don't know the designation for the encrypted partition, e.g., if I didn't know it was sda3, I could use the lsblk command (it is part of the util-linux package) to determine it. E.g.:

jim@Firefly:~$ lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINTS
loop0                       7:0    0     4K  1 loop  /snap/bare/5
loop1                       7:1    0  73.9M  1 loop  /snap/core22/2133
loop2                       7:2    0  11.8M  1 loop  /snap/desktop-security-center/59
loop3                       7:3    0 247.6M  1 loop  /snap/firefox/6966
loop4                       7:4    0  11.1M  1 loop  /snap/firmware-updater/167
loop5                       7:5    0  91.7M  1 loop  /snap/gtk-common-themes/1535
loop6                       7:6    0  14.4M  1 loop  /snap/prompting-client/104
loop7                       7:7    0 516.2M  1 loop  /snap/gnome-42-2204/226
loop8                       7:8    0  17.5M  1 loop  /snap/snap-store/1300
loop9                       7:9    0  50.8M  1 loop  /snap/snapd/25202
loop10                      7:10   0   576K  1 loop  /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/315
loop11                      7:11   0 226.2M  1 loop  /snap/thunderbird/812
sda                         8:0    0 953.9G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0     1G  0 part  /boot/efi
├─sda2                      8:2    0     2G  0 part  /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0 950.8G  0 part
  └─dm_crypt-0            252:0    0 950.8G  0 crypt
    └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
                          252:1    0 950.8G  0 lvm   /
jim@Firefly:~$

From the above output, I can see that the disk drive in the system is designated as sda and the encrypted partition is sda3 (it is listed as type "crypt").

[ More Info ]

[/security/encryption/LUKS] permanent link