Missing Hibernate Button
I didn't see a Hibernate option on a Gateway model 600YG2 laptop
running Windows XP when I clicked on Start and selected Turn
Off Computer. But when I looked under Power Options within the
Control Panel, the "Enable Hibernation" checkbox under the Hibernation
tab was checked.
The three buttons that appear when I select Start then
Turn Off Computer are Stand By, Turn Off,
and Restart.
It is still possible to place the system in hibernate mode,
however, by hitting the shift key when you move the mouse to
place the cursor over the Stand By button. The button
will change from Stand By to Hibernate and
you can click on the button then to put the system in Hibernate
mode.
Microsoft covers the issue in
Knowledge Base Article 291790
The difference between Hibernate and Standby mode is that in Standby mode
the system goes into a low power mode saving information on the current state
of the system and open applications in memory. In hibernate mode, the
system stores that information on the hard disk in the hibernation file
Hiberfil.sys. The system can return to its previous state quickly from
standby mode, since accessing information in memory is very quick. It takes
more time to restore the system from hibernate mode, since the system must
read information from the hard disk for which access is much slower. But
hibernate mode has the advantage of storing the information indefinitely
even if the system is not connected to a power source. With a laptop in
standby mode, if you don't have it plugged into a power source, eventually
the battery will be drained and the contents of memory will be lost, since
information only stays in memory if it is constantly refreshed. It doesn't
take much power to keep the memory refreshed, so you may be able to stay
in standby mode for many hours, but eventually the battery will be depleted
and the information will be lost.
You can choose to have the system go into hibernate mode when you hit
the power button, rather than powering off by the following steps:
- Click on Start
- Select Control Panel
- Click on Performance and Maintenance. If you don't
see Performance and Maintenance then you may have
set the Control Panel display to "Classic" mode, in which
case you can proceed to the next step.
- Click on Power Options
- Click on the Advanced tab
- Change the setting for When I press the power button on my
computer to Hibernate
- Click on OK
[/os/windows/xp]
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Forwarding Email
If you are using a Unix or Linux system, you can redirect email
sent to your account on that system to another account using
a .forward file. You will need to create this file in your root
directory, i.e. the one you are normally placed in when you
log into the system.
You can create this file with any text editor or you can
use the echo command to create the file as shown
below.
echo 'liz-smith@starwars.com' > .forward
The above command will create a .forward file in
the current directory. If you've placed it in your
root directory, any email now sent to your account
will instead be sent back out of the system to
liz-smith@starwars.com.
Suppose you want to get the email in your inbox
on the system, but also want it forwarded to
another address. Let's assume your userid on
the system is liz and you want the email to
go to the same address as in the first example
as well. You can then create the .forward
file with the command below.
echo '\liz, liz-smith@starwars.com' > .forward
You need to put a "\" before the username, so that the
system knows that it doesn't have to do any further
forwarding for the account name you are placing after
the "\". If you want messages to go to additional
addresses, just add them onto the line with commas
between the addresses.
When you use the ">" you are overwriting any existing
.forward file, so, if you already have a .forward file
and want to keep a copy of it, use a command such as
the one below to copy it before issuing the echo
command.
cp .forward .forward-old
If you want to stop forwarding, you need to remove the
.forward file. If you want to stop forwarding, but want
to keep the file available for future use, you can rename
it as shown below.
mv .forward .forward-old
You may need to set appropriate permissions on the .forward
file in order for the program processing email to be able to
read your email file. Use the command below to make the
.forward file "world-readable".
chmod 644 .forward
The six ensures that you can both read and alter the file, while
the two fours ensure that the file is both group and world readable,
but only you can delete or alter the file. Don't make the file group
writeable, i.e. don't use chmod 664. If the file has
group write permission set on it, sendmail won't use it and forwarding
won't occur.
You can check the permissions on the file using the command
ls -al .forward. Files that have a filename beginning with
a period are considered hidden, so won't show up with just an
ls command, so you need to use the -a option to show
all files. You should see something like the following.
-rw-r--r-- 1 liz liz 29 Jul 14 23:06 /home/liz/.forward
If you have root access, you can check how sendmail will handle
delivery of email to the liz account now by logging on as root
and issuing the sendmail -bv command as below:
sendmail -bv liz
\liz... deliverable: mailer local, user \liz
liz-smith@starwars.com... deliverable: mailer esmtp, host starwars.com., user
liz-smith@starwars.com
When you are forwarding email, you need to be careful to not create an infinite
loop, e.g. where email is forwarded to an account that forwards it again to the
orginal account.
References:
- Mail forwarding using
.forward files
[/network/email/sendmail]
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