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However, if you wish to determine the version of an application from a command line interface (CLI), aka a shell prompt, which you can get using the Terminal application found in Applications/Utilities you can use the command system_profiler SPApplicationsDataType. If you pipe the output of the command to the more command you can page through the list that is output by hitting the space bar when the colon (:) prompt is displayed.

Jony Ive:
The Genius
Behind Apple's
Greatest Products

$ system_profiler SPApplicationsDataType | more
Applications:

    Microsoft Lync:

      Version: 14.2.1
      Last Modified: 10/2/15 8:52 PM
      Kind: Intel
      64-Bit (Intel): No
      App Store: No
      Get Info String: 14.2.1 (150923), © 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
      Location: /Applications/Microsoft Lync.app

    Junos Pulse:

      Version: 5.0
      Last Modified: 4/17/14 4:27 PM
      Kind: Intel
      64-Bit (Intel): No
      App Store: No
      Location: /Applications/Junos Pulse.app

    Microsoft Database Utility:

      Version: 13.1.6
:

If you are interested in the version of a particular program, such as Safari, you can use the grep utility to search for the application name followed by a colon and then after grep display the two lines that appear after it finds a match. E.g.:

$ system_profiler SPApplicationsDataType | grep -A 2 "Safari:" 
    Safari:

      Version: 6.2.8

If you just want to see the version number as output, you can pipe the output of the above command to the cut utility, instructing it to display the string that starts in column 16 of the line that contains "Version" as shown below. The -c 16- parameter instructs cut to display characters from column 16 to the end of the line.

$ system_profiler SPApplicationsDataType | grep -A 2 "Safari:" | grep "Version:" | cut -c 16-
6.2.8
$ system_profiler SPApplicationsDataType | grep -A 2 "Junos Pulse:" | grep "Version:" | cut -c 16-
5.0

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MariaDB [(none)]> select user from mysql.db where db='Abc';
Empty set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>

In the above example, no accounts have been granted access to the database. If I want to grant all types of access to the abcsales1 account to all tables in the database, I can use the command shown below:

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL on Abc.* to 'abcsales1'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> select user from mysql.db where db='Abc';
+-----------+
| user      |
+-----------+
| abcsales1 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>

Bear in mind that the select user from mysql.db where db='dbname'; will only show users who have database-level access to the database named dbname. It is possible that an account can have access at the table, column, or proc level rather being granted access at the database level. To check for those access levels of access as well as database-level acess, use all of the commands below substituting the name of the database for dbname:

SELECT user,host FROM mysql.db WHERE db='dbname';
SELECT user,host FROM mysql.tables_priv WHERE db='dbname';
SELECT user,host FROM mysql.columns_priv WHERE db='dbname';
SELECT user,host FROM mysql.procs_priv WHERE db='dbname';

E.g.:

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT user,host FROM mysql.db WHERE db='Abc';
+-----------+-----------+
| user      | host      |
+-----------+-----------+
| abcsales1 | localhost |
+-----------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT user,host FROM mysql.tables_priv WHERE db='Abc';
Empty set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT user,host FROM mysql.columns_priv WHERE db='Abc';
Empty set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT user,host FROM mysql.procs_priv WHERE db='Abc';
Empty set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>

References:

1. how to know all users that can access certain database (mysql)?
   Asked: April 28, 2011
   Server Fault
2. Managing database access with MariaDB or MySQL
   Date: July 17, 2015
   MoonPoint Support

[/software/database/mysql] permanent link

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C:\users\jane>netsh wlan show networks

Interface name : Wireless Network Connection 5
There are 3 networks currently visible.

SSID 1 : ARRIS-0142
    Network type            : Infrastructure
    Authentication          : WPA2-Personal
    Encryption              : CCMP

SSID 2 : BY7VQ
    Network type            : Infrastructure
    Authentication          : WPA2-Personal
    Encryption              : CCMP

SSID 3 : 30F5A9
    Network type            : Infrastructure
    Authentication          : WPA2-Personal
    Encryption              : CCMP

You can view the signal strength for a wireless connection from the system using netsh wlan show interfaces.

C:\users\jane>netsh wlan show interfaces

There is 1 interface on the system:

    Name                   : Wireless Network Connection 5
    Description            : TP-LINK 450Mbps Wireless N Adapter
    GUID                   : 55a96587-9163-4f0a-a2c0-2f16705bea60
    Physical address       : c4:e9:84:15:d6:e4
    State                  : connected
    SSID                   : ARRIS-0142
    BSSID                  : 94:87:7c:03:01:40
    Network type           : Infrastructure
    Radio type             : 802.11n
    Authentication         : WPA2-Personal
    Cipher                 : CCMP
    Connection mode        : Auto Connect
    Channel                : 11
    Receive rate (Mbps)    : 216.7
    Transmit rate (Mbps)   : 216.7
    Signal                 : 32%
    Profile                : ARRIS-0142

    Hosted network status  : Not started

For the above Wi-Fi connection, the signal strength is fair at best with a strength of only 32%.

[/os/windows/commands] permanent link

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c:\>ftype /?
Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations

FTYPE [fileType[=[openCommandString]]]

  fileType  Specifies the file type to examine or change
  openCommandString Specifies the open command to use when launching files
                    of this type.

Type FTYPE without parameters to display the current file types that
have open command strings defined.  FTYPE is invoked with just a file
type, it displays the current open command string for that file type.
Specify nothing for the open command string and the FTYPE command will
delete the open command string for the file type.  Within an open
command string %0 or %1 are substituted with the file name being
launched through the assocation.  %* gets all the parameters and %2
gets the 1st parameter, %3 the second, etc.  %~n gets all the remaining
parameters starting with the nth parameter, where n may be between 2 and 9,
inclusive.  For example:

    ASSOC .pl=PerlScript
    FTYPE PerlScript=perl.exe %1 %*

would allow you to invoke a Perl script as follows:

    script.pl 1 2 3

If you want to eliminate the need to type the extensions, then do the
following:

    set PATHEXT=.pl;%PATHEXT%

and the script could be invoked as follows:

    script 1 2 3

If you open a command prompt window and type ftype with no options, you will see all the file associations for the system on which the command is run, i.e., which applications will open particular file formats. You can pipe the output of the command into the more command to page through the information using the space bar or redirect the output to a file with ftype > somefile.txt.

c:\>ftype | more
Access=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Office15\protocolhandler.exe "%
1"
Access.ACCDAExtension.15=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Office15\MSAC
CESS.EXE /NOSTARTUP "%1"
Access.ACCDCFile.15="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Office15\MSACCESS
.EXE" /NOSTARTUP "%1"
Access.ACCDEFile.15="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Office15\MSACCESS
.EXE" /NOSTARTUP "%1" %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
Access.ACCDRFile.15="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Office15\MSACCESS
.EXE" /RUNTIME "%1" %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
Access.ACCDTFile.15="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Office15\MSACCESS
.EXE" /NOSTARTUP "%1"
Access.ADEFile.15="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Office15\MSACCESS.E
XE" /NOSTARTUP "%1" %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
Access.Application.15="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Office15\MSACCE
SS.EXE" /NOSTARTUP "%1" %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
Access.BlankDatabaseTemplate.15="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Offic
e15\MSACCESS.EXE" /NOSTARTUP /NEWDB "%1"
Access.BlankProjectTemplate.15="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Office
15\MSACCESS.EXE" /NOSTARTUP /NEWDB "%1"
Access.Extension.15=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Office15\MSACCESS.
EXE /NOSTARTUP "%1"
Access.MDBFile="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\Root\Office15\MSACCESS.EXE"
 /NOSTARTUP "%1" %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
-- More  --

You might think that you could just type ftype ext, where txt is a 3-letter extension, e.g., ftype docx, to determine what application will open a file with a .docx extension, but that won't work.

c:\>ftype docx
File type 'docx' not found or no open command associated with it.

c:\>ftype txt
File type 'txt' not found or no open command associated with it.

You will need to know that a .txt file is identified as a "textfile" and a .docx file, which is an Office Open XML file format, is identified as a "docxfile" for that method to work, but you can use just the 3-letter extension, if you pipe the output of the ftype command to the find command as shown below:

c:\>ftype | find "txt"
txtfile=%SystemRoot%\system32\NOTEPAD.EXE %1

c:\>ftype | find "docx"
docxfile="%ProgramFiles%\Windows NT\Accessories\WORDPAD.EXE" "%1"

From the above output, I can see that the Windows Notepad application is the default program for opening text files, i.e., the program that will open any file with a .txt extension if I double-click on the file in the Windows Explorer. And I can see that the Windows Wordpad, aka Write, program will open .docx files by default.

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VLC originated as an academic project in 1996. It was rewritten from scractch in 1998 and released under the GNU General Public License (GPL) in 2001 - see the Wikipedia article VLC media player for further details on the development history for the application.

Steps for converting a file from one format to another, e.g., a FLAC audio file to an MP3 audio format are provided here.

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