If you have a Portable Document Format (PDF) file and wish to determine the version of the PDF standard used for the document, that information is stored in the first line of the file. You can open the file with a text editor, such as the Windows Notepad application on a Microsoft Windows system and view the first line to determine the PDF version used for the file. You will see %PDF-x.y where x.y is the version of the PDF standard used in the creation of the file, e.g., %PDF-1.7 for version 1.7.

On a Microsoft Windows system, you could also open a PowerShell window (you can type PowerShell in the Windows Search field and click on the application when you see it returned in the list of results) and use the Get-Content cmdlet and the -First parameter followed by the number one. E.g.:

PS C:\> Get-Content "July 2024 Newsletter.pdf" -First 1
%PDF-1.7
PS C:\>

Related:

1. PowerShell Get-Content equivalents to Linux head and tail commands
   Date: March 22, 2024

[/os/windows/PowerShell] permanent link

I added two Western Digital 10 TB hard disk drives to a Windows 11 system. I wanted to have the second hard disk drive (HDD) mirror the first, which is a Redundant Array of Independent Disks 1 (RAID 1) configuration. You can configure Windows to mirror the drives using the Disk Management utility that comes with the Microsoft Windows operating system. To run the utility, you can open a command prompt with administrator privileges and then type diskmgmt.msc and hit Enter. You will then see a window showing all the drives attached to the system. In this case, the new 10 TB drives are shown as "unallocated", since they have not been partitioned and formatted yet.

[ More Info ]

[/os/windows] permanent link

1. Open a terminal window.
2. In the terminal window, issue the command sudo apt-get install openssh-server.
3. Enable and start the ssh server service by issuing the command sudo systemctl enable ssh --now. If you wish to enable the service, but not start it immediately, you can omit the --now at the end of the command, i.e., you can use sudo systemctl enable ssh and then later issue the command sudo systemctl start ssh to start the service.

[ More Info ]

[/os/unix/linux/ubuntu] permanent link

If you wish to view information for a package installed on an Ubuntu Linux system, you can use the command apt show packageName or dpkg -s packageName where packageName is the name of the relevant package. If you are only interested in the version number for a package, you can pipe the output of either command into the grep command.

$ apt show net-tools
Package: net-tools
Version: 1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5
Priority: optional
Section: net
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: net-tools Team <team+net-tools@tracker.debian.org>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 819 kB
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.34), libselinux1 (>= 3.1~)
Homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/net-tools/
Task: ubuntukylin-desktop
Download-Size: 204 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages
Description: NET-3 networking toolkit
 This package includes the important tools for controlling the network
 subsystem of the Linux kernel.  This includes arp, ifconfig, netstat,
 rarp, nameif and route.  Additionally, this package contains utilities
 relating to particular network hardware types (plipconfig, slattach,
 mii-tool) and advanced aspects of IP configuration (iptunnel, ipmaddr).
 .
 In the upstream package 'hostname' and friends are included. Those are
 not installed by this package, since there is a special "hostname*.deb".

$ apt show net-tools | grep "Version:"

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

Version: 1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5
$ dpkg -s net-tools
Package: net-tools
Status: install ok installed
Priority: important
Section: net
Installed-Size: 800
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Architecture: amd64
Multi-Arch: foreign
Version: 1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.34), libselinux1 (>= 3.1~)
Description: NET-3 networking toolkit
 This package includes the important tools for controlling the network
 subsystem of the Linux kernel.  This includes arp, ifconfig, netstat,
 rarp, nameif and route.  Additionally, this package contains utilities
 relating to particular network hardware types (plipconfig, slattach,
 mii-tool) and advanced aspects of IP configuration (iptunnel, ipmaddr).
 .
 In the upstream package 'hostname' and friends are included. Those are
 not installed by this package, since there is a special "hostname*.deb".
Homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/net-tools/
Original-Maintainer: net-tools Team <team+net-tools@tracker.debian.org>
$ dpkg -s net-tools | grep "Version:"
Version: 1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5
$

Another command that will show you the installed version of a package on a Ubuntu systems is apt-cache policy packageName.

$ apt-cache policy net-tools
net-tools:
  Installed: 1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5
  Candidate: 1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5
  Version table:
 *** 1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
$

[/os/unix/linux/ubuntu] permanent link

Microsoft provides a capability to create virtual machines (VMs) within the Windows operating system via Hyper-V. To set up Microsoft's Hyper-V virtualization software on a Windows 11 system so that you can create and use virtual machines on the system, you can type Turn Windows features in the Windows Search field at the bottom of your screen and thn select the Control Panel option to "Turn Windows features on or off" when it is displayed. In the Windows Features window, scroll down until you see Hyper-V. If you click on the plus sign next to its check box, you will see there are two subcomponents, Hyper-V Management Tools and Hyper-V Platform.

• Hyper-V Management Tools - Includes GUI and command-line tools for managing Hyper-V
• Hyper-V Platform - Provides the services that you can use to create and manage virtual machines and their resources

If you check the Hyper-V check box, the two subcomponents will both be turned on. Click on OK when you are done. You will then see "Searching for required files", which should be followed by "Applying changes" and then the completion window where you will be notified that "Windows needs to reboot your PC to finish installing the requested changes." Click on the Restart now button to immediately apply the changes or you can click on Don't restart to apply them at a later reboot of the system.

[ More Info ]

[/software/virtualization/Hyper-V] permanent link