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system_profiler SPFontsDataTye. A large amount of
information will be displayed for each font, so you may want to capture the
output in a file, e.g. fontslist.txt.
$ system_profiler SPFontsDataType > fontslist.txt
If you want the output in XML format,
you can include the -xml option, e.g. system_profiler
-xml SPFontsDataType > fontslist.xml.
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The Activity Monitor window showed those applications as "Not Responding".
The Terminal application is not shown as "Not Responding"
in the Activity Monitor window, though it is shown as "paused" in
Force Quit Applications because I unpaused it prior to taking the
Activity Monitor screenshot. To unpause applications, I needed
to access a Terminal window to issue "kill -CONT" commands. You can use
kill commands to stop errant processes,
but you can also use kill -CONT pid commands where
pid is the
process identifier (PID) of the process you wish to "unpause" to cause
a process to resume or "continue" its operation - see
Suspending and resuming a process on OS X.
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$ cat sample.txt Adhere to your purpose and you will soon feel as well as you ever did. On the contrary, if you falter, and give up, you will lose the power of keeping any resolution, and will regret it all your life. ~ Abraham Lincoln in a June 28, 1862 letter to Quintin Campbell $
Should you ever need to display the characters on a line in reverse order,
on a Linux system you can use the
rev command to do so - the
"rev" is shorthand for "reverse". E.g., suppose I want to display the same file
as in the example above. If I type rev sample.txt, I will see
every line displayed in reverse with the last character in the line becoming
the first and the first the last.
$ rev sample.txt .did reve uoy sa llew sa leef noos lliw uoy dna esoprup ruoy ot erehdA ,pu evig dna ,retlaf uoy fi ,yrartnoc eht nO ,noituloser yna gnipeek fo rewop eht esol lliw uoy .efil ruoy lla ti terger lliw dna llebpmaC nitniuQ ot rettel 2681 ,82 enuJ a ni nlocniL maharbA ~ $
If you wanted to display the last line as the first line and the first line as the last rather than reversing the characters on each line, you can use the tac command - "tac" is "cat" in reverse. E.g., for the same sample.txt file:
$ tac sample.txt ~ Abraham Lincoln in a June 28, 1862 letter to Quintin Campbell and will regret it all your life. you will lose the power of keeping any resolution, On the contrary, if you falter, and give up, Adhere to your purpose and you will soon feel as well as you ever did. $
On a CentOS
Linux system, the cat and tac
commands are part of the coreutils package while the rev
command is part of the util-linux package.
$ rpm -q --whatprovides /usr/bin/cat coreutils-8.22-11.el7.x86_64 $ rpm -q --whatprovides /usr/bin/rev util-linux-2.23.2-22.el7_1.x86_64 $ rpm -q --whatprovides /usr/bin/tac coreutils-8.22-11.el7.x86_64 $
The util-linux package can be obtained using whatever
package
management utility you normally use for your distribution of Linux,
e.g., yum for CentOS, or you can obtain the utility via
FTP
from the Linux Kernel Archive at ftp.kernel.org. You can login using
"anonymous" as the userid and anything for the password, then type
cd pub/linux/utils/util-linux to see the available versions.
For the speech transcription method, the researchers used Baidu's Deep Speech 2 deep learning speech recognition system. The software took the spoken input and converted it to text. Recognition errors could then be corrected by the study participants by either speech or the smartphone's keyboard. That method was found to be three times faster than the participants relying solely on their typing skills on the keyboards for English and 2.8 times as fast for Mandarin Chinese. And, strikingly, the English error rate was 20.4% lower, and the Mandarin error rate 63.4% lower, than the keyboard method. I don't know Mandarin, but a 20.4% lower error rate for English is significant.
I took a typing class in high school - when I was in high school typewriters were still common - after the typing teacher stated that it would be useful for typing papers for those of us who hoped to go on to college. I bought a cheap typewriter in college, but didn't use it much, instead I had most of the papers I needed to be typewritten typed by a local high school teacher who, as a side business typed papers for the nearby university students at a nominal cost. She also proofread the papers, correcting spelling and grammar errors, which I felt was worth the cost of paying to have papers typed that would be an important part of my grade. But, though I didn't use the typing skills I learned in the high school typing class a lot for typing papers, I found those skills invaluable for the many later computer courses I took. So, I'm a fairly fast typist on a full size keyboard, but I'm very slow on the tiny keyboard on my phone and am akin to the sloth, Flash, in the movie Zootopia when compared to some of my nieces - one of my nephews bought a phone for his younger sister, but had to quickly change the text plan when she had 3,000 text messages one month. For her, typing her text messages might be faster than using the voice recognition feature on her phone, but, even though the voice recognition software on my phone is doubtless far less powerful than that of Baidu's Deep Speech 2, I'll try that feature of the phone, since I would also expect there has been improvement in the intervening years since I first tried the feature on a prior phone. As Baidu chief scientist Andrew Ng noted "Humanity was never designed to communicate by using our fingers to poke at a tiny little keyboard on a mobile phone. Speech has always been a much more natural way for humans to communicate with each other."
Ng also stated he looks forward to the day when his future grandchild comes home and asks, "Is it really true that when you were young, if you came home and you said something to your microwave oven — did it really just sit there and ignore you? That's just so rude of the microwave." As we move futher into the Internet of Things (IoT), I expect that people talking to their microwaves and other household appliances will become common.
A text version of the NPR article, which was broadcast on All Things Considered, is available at Voice Recognition Software Finally Beats Humans At Typing, Study Finds.
If you want to replace or insert characters at the beginning of a line,
the line beginning is represented by the
caret character, i.e.,
^ (Shift-6 on a standard computer keyboard), and line
endings are represented by the
dollar sign character,
i.e., $.
E.g., the following quote has three occurences of the word "us". If I wanted
to replace only the "us" at the end of the line with "ourselves", I could hit
the colon key while not in vi's insert mode, which would give me a colon prompt
and then enter s /us$/ourselves/ which would replace the occurence
of "us" at the end of the lne with "ourselves".
What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny compared to what lies within us
~ Ralph Waldo Emerson
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You can ascertain if a .db file is a BDB file using
the file command.
E.g., the
Sendmail email software uses .db files stored in /etc/mail
to control various aspects of the software's functionality. For instance,
you can specify the domains for which Sendmail will accept email in
the /etc/mail/local-host-names file or create "virtual users"
using the /etc/mail/virtusertable file. But to alter
Sendmail's behavior using these files, you need to generate .db files from
the text files using the
makemap command. E.g., makemap hash
/etc/mail/virtusertable < /etc/mail/virtusertable. If you check
the type of file for the .db file that will be created by the
makemap utility with the file command, you will
see the following information, if you check from the root account:
# file /etc/mail/virtusertable.db /etc/mail/virtusertable.db: Berkeley DB (Hash, version 9, native byte-order) #
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/etc/mail/sendmail.mc and rebuilt /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
with the m4 command.
I then attempted to restart
Sendmail, but it did not restart.# m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf # service sendmail restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart sendmail.service Job for sendmail.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status sendmail.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
When I issued a systemctl status sendmail.service command
for further information, I saw the following:
# systemctl status sendmail.service ● sendmail.service - Sendmail Mail Transport Agent Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sendmail.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2016-08-18 15:40:49 EDT; 11s ago Process: 25578 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sendmail -bd $SENDMAIL_OPTS $SENDMAIL_OPTARG (code=exited, status=78) Process: 25573 ExecStartPre=/etc/mail/make aliases (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 25570 ExecStartPre=/etc/mail/make (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 3394 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Aug 18 15:40:49 moonpoint.com systemd[1]: Starting Sendmail Mail Transport A.... Aug 18 15:40:49 moonpoint.com sendmail[25578]: 554 5.0.0 /etc/mail/sendmail....d Aug 18 15:40:49 moonpoint.com sendmail[25578]: NOQUEUE: SYSERR(root): /etc/m...d Aug 18 15:40:49 moonpoint.com sendmail[25578]: NOQUEUE: SYSERR(root): InputF...y Aug 18 15:40:49 moonpoint.com sendmail[25578]: 451 4.0.0 InputFilter BitDefe...y Aug 18 15:40:49 moonpoint.com systemd[1]: sendmail.service: control process ...8 Aug 18 15:40:49 moonpoint.com systemd[1]: Failed to start Sendmail Mail Tran.... Aug 18 15:40:49 moonpoint.com systemd[1]: Unit sendmail.service entered fail.... Aug 18 15:40:49 moonpoint.com systemd[1]: sendmail.service failed. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
When I undid the changes I had made to sendmail.mc, the issue
remained. When I used the
journalctl command to check on the problem, I saw the following:
# journalctl -xe -- -- Unit sendmail.service has failed. -- -- The result is failed. Aug 18 15:43:25 moonpoint.com systemd[1]: Dependency failed for Sendmail Mail Tr -- Subject: Unit sm-client.service has failed -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit sm-client.service has failed. -- -- The result is dependency. Aug 18 15:43:25 moonpoint.com systemd[1]: Job sm-client.service/start failed wit Aug 18 15:43:25 moonpoint.com systemd[1]: Unit sendmail.service entered failed s Aug 18 15:43:25 moonpoint.com systemd[1]: sendmail.service failed. Aug 18 15:43:25 moonpoint.com polkitd[771]: Unregistered Authentication Agent fo Aug 18 15:43:53 moonpoint.com sshd[25845]: Address 168.176.56.13 maps to wimax13 Aug 18 15:43:53 moonpoint.com sshd[25845]: Invalid user log from 168.176.56.13 Aug 18 15:43:53 moonpoint.com sshd[25845]: input_userauth_request: invalid user Aug 18 15:43:53 moonpoint.com sshd[25845]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user Aug 18 15:43:53 moonpoint.com sshd[25845]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication f Aug 18 15:43:55 moonpoint.com sshd[25845]: Failed password for invalid user log Aug 18 15:43:56 moonpoint.com sshd[25845]: Connection closed by 168.176.56.13 [p lines 1490-1512/1512 (END)
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rstrui at a command
prompt.
Click on Next to see available restore points.
telnet 192.168.0.7 25, I saw a
"no route to host" message.
$ telnet 192.168.1.7 25 Trying 192.168.1.7... telnet: connect to address 192.168.1.7: No route to host $
So I used the debug command on the NetScreen firewall to view traffic to the SMTP port, which showed me it was passing the traffic to the email server behind it. So I then checked the host-based software on the CentOS server. Since it was running CentOS 7, the default firewall management software on it is FirewallD. I first checked to see what services the firewall was allowing through and saw that SMTP wasn't included, so I added that to the allowed services and made it a permanent rather than temporary change. For permanent changes, the firewall software must be reloaded, so I then issued a reload command. Since I ran the commands from a normal user account, I was prompted to provide the root account password to add the service and reload the firewall software.
$ firewall-cmd --list-services dhcpv6-client ssh $ firewall-cmd --add-service=smtp --permanent success $ firewall-cmd --reload success $ firewall-cmd --list-services dhcpv6-client smtp ssh $
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=COUNTIFS(G2:G932,">="&F947, B2:B932,"Denied")
to calculate all the entries that have been denied since a particular date.
E.g., if cell F947 contains the date 8/10/2016, I can count all the rows
starting with G2, since the first row is a header row, up through the last
entry where the date in column 2 is greater than or equal to August 10, 2016
and the status in column B is "Denied". I can also calculate the number of
requests I've dealt with since that date with
=COUNTIF(G2:G932,">="&F947), i.e., I have Excel count
any entries where the date is greater than or equal to the date
specified in cell F947. I can also count the number of requests
with a particular status that indicates the request was approved,
but then might have been implemented, which would send it to the
"Completed" state or which had been approved, but, because the
approval was for the removal of rules from firewalls, went to the
"Implement Removal" state with the following:
=COUNTIFS(G2:G931,">="&F947,B2:B931,"Approved")
=COUNTIFS(G2:G931,">="&F947,B2:B931,"Completed")
COUNTIFS(G2:G931,">="&F947,B2:B931,"Implement Removal")
All of the above indicate that the request was approved, though the status for the request might not be listed as "Approved" in the system used to manage the requests, but could, instead be shown as "Completed" or "Implement Removal".
But I also wanted to have a cell where Excel would provide a total for the number of requests that were in any of the above states where the date for the request in the G column was on or after the specified date. To do so, I had to "sum" multiple "countifs" statements, since I couldn't find a way to easily put an "and" or "or" logical condition within a countifs statement. I was able to get the total with the below forumula:
=SUM(COUNTIFS(G2:G931,">="&F947,B2:B931,"Approved"), COUNTIFS(G2:G931,">="&F947,B2:B931,"Completed"), COUNTIFS(G2:G931,">="&F947,B2:B931,"Implement Removal"))
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To install Amarok on a CentOS Linux system using the
yum package management utility, you will first need to
configure the system to
check the EPEL repository for packages. Once you have done that, you can
issue the command yum install amarok from the root account to
install the software.
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You can determine what addresses have already been assigned to systems
via DHCP using a command in the form get interface <interface>
dhcp server ip allocate where interface is a particular interface,
e.g., trust, untrust, etc.
ns5xp-> get interface trust dhcp server ip allocate
IP State MAC Lease Time
192.168.0.34 COMMIT *000d560e185e 3236 minutes
192.168.0.35 COMMIT *4c72b99cb82a 3925 minutes
ns5xp->If I wished to assign the IP address 192.168.0.7 to the system above with MAC address 4c72b99cb82a, I could use the command below:
set interface trust dhcp server ip 192.168.0.7 mac 4c72b99cb82a
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221.229.172.35 for failed attempts to log into the system
via Secure
Shell (SSH).# tail -n 10 /var/log/fail2ban.log 2016-08-09 10:12:56,296 fail2ban.filter [1590]: INFO [sshd] Found 221.229.172.35 2016-08-09 10:12:57,914 fail2ban.filter [1590]: INFO [sshd] Found 221.229.172.35 2016-08-09 10:12:58,663 fail2ban.filter [1590]: INFO [sshd] Found 221.229.172.35 2016-08-09 10:12:59,143 fail2ban.filter [1590]: INFO [sshd] Found 221.229.172.35 2016-08-09 10:12:59,870 fail2ban.actions [1590]: NOTICE [sshd] Ban 221.229.172.35 2016-08-09 10:13:00,591 fail2ban.filter [1590]: INFO [sshd] Found 221.229.172.35 2016-08-09 10:13:01,298 fail2ban.filter [1590]: INFO [sshd] Found 221.229.172.35 2016-08-09 10:13:01,522 fail2ban.filter [1590]: INFO [sshd] Found 221.229.172.35 2016-08-09 10:13:03,538 fail2ban.filter [1590]: INFO [sshd] Found 221.229.172.35 2016-08-09 10:13:04,075 fail2ban.filter [1590]: INFO [sshd] Found 221.229.172.35 #
When I checked the country where that IP address is assigned using the
geoiplookup tool, I found it is assigned to an entity in China. The tool
is in GeoIP, a
geolocation
package, which can be installed on
Red Hat
derived distributions of Linux, such as
CentOS with
yum install geoip. The free version of the software which I use is
provided by MaxMind
$ geoiplookup 221.229.172.35 GeoIP Country Edition: CN, China $
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-f inet option is given to the command, it will show only IPv4
addresses.# ip -f inet address
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp4s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
inet 192.168.0.35/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic enp4s0
valid_lft 156092sec preferred_lft 156092sec
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverAlteratively, you can use the
ifconfig command with the -a option to show all network
interfaces and any assigned IP addresses for them. I.e.,
ifconfig -a.
In the example above from a CentOS 7 system, I can see that an IP address is
assigned to the enp4s0 network interface and that is the interface
I will use for the DHCP query to locate any DHCP servers on the network, which
may be legitimate or rogue DNS servers.
To have the dhclient command search for DHCP servers, I'll use the
-d and -nw options.
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# telnet 127.0.0.1 25 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to 127.0.0.1. Escape character is '^]'. 220 jinn.localdomain ESMTP Postfix quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host. #
You can enter SMTP commands that other email servers would issue to send an email to a local user on the system as shown below:
# telnet 127.0.0.1 25 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to 127.0.0.1. Escape character is '^]'. 220 jinn.localdomain ESMTP Postfix ehlo Me 250-jinn.localdomain 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN mail from: tester@example.com 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to: joe 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> From: tester22@example.com To: joe@example.com Subject: Just a test This is only a test. . 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as B27928276DA1 quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host. $
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$ telnet 127.0.0.1 25 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to 127.0.0.1. Escape character is '^]'. 220 moonpoint.com ESMTP Sendmail 8.14.7/8.14.7; Sat, 6 Aug 2016 09:26:06 -0400 quit 221 2.0.0 moonpoint.com closing connection Connection closed by foreign host. $
Since the
Sendmail SMTP service seemed to be functioning properly, I next checked
the
Dovecot POP3/POP3S software on the system. I entered the commands
an email client would submit to authenticate with the server on the POP3 port,
port 110, i.e., pass followed by the user's login id then
pass and the password for the user's account. I received an
immediate response to the user command, but when I entered
the pass command followed by the password and hit Enter
I didn't see any response even after waiting much longer than I would expect
to have to wait for a response. So I hit Ctrl-], i.e., the Ctrl
and ] keys to return to the Telnet prompt and then exited from
the telnet program.
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You can manually save a session, by clicking on File on the menu bar, then selecting Sessions, then Save As.... You will then be prompted to provide a name for the session. You can reopen a saved session by selecting File then Sessions from the menu bar and then selecting from one of the saved sessions you will see listed. If you have previously saved one or more sessions, you will see them listed under the Save As... and Manage... options.
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zipinfo followed by the
name of the zip file, you will see a Unix-style file listing for each
compressed file contained within the zip file.$ ls -l vnc-osx.zip -rw-r--r--. 1 joe joe 57641 Jun 28 2013 vnc-osx.zip $ zipinfo vnc-osx.zip Archive: vnc-osx.zip Zip file size: 57641 bytes, number of entries: 4 drwxr-xr-x 3.0 unx 0 bx stor 13-Jun-28 12:43 vnc/ -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 21375 bx defN 13-Jun-27 20:31 vnc/Connect_to_Server.png -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 36303 bx defN 13-Jun-27 20:33 vnc/Enter_Name_Password.png -rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 2834 tx defN 13-Jun-28 12:43 vnc/vnc-remote-access.html 4 files, 60512 bytes uncompressed, 56943 bytes compressed: 5.9% $
In the example above you can see that there are three files stored in the zip file; the output indicates 4 files because the directory, vnc, is counted as a file on a Unix system. The total bytes for the four files before they were compressed into a zip file is 60,512 bytes. They were compressed down to 56,943 bytes, which is a 5.9% compression ratio, since (60512 - 56943) / 60512.0 * 100 = 5.9.
If you just wish to see the file and directory names contained in the zip
file, you can use the -1 argument (that's the number one).
$ zipinfo -1 vnc-osx.zip vnc/ vnc/Connect_to_Server.png vnc/Enter_Name_Password.png vnc/vnc-remote-access.html $
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yum install gimp), so
I was able to take a
screenshot of the window with GIMP and then use GIMP's
color picker tool to determine the color of the
text. To access the color picker tool, select Tools and then Color
Picker from the GIMP menu.
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C:\>systeminfo | findstr /R "^OS.Version" OS Version: 10.0.10586 N/A Build 10586 C:\>
The /R option indicates that the findstr command should perform
its search based on a regular expression. The "^" character is a character
that when included in a regular expression means that what follows should be
at the beginning of the line. Without it, you could see something like the
following, instead, since "BIOS Version also matches:
C:\>systeminfo | findstr /R "OS.Version" systeminfo | findstr /R "OS.Version" OS Version: 10.0.10586 N/A Build 10586 BIOS Version: Dell Inc. A04, 11/21/2011 C:\>
The period between "OS" and "Version" indicates in a regular expression that any one character in that space will match; in this case there is a space character between the two words, which will match the period in a regular expression. If you want to have a period treated as a period rather than serving its function as a regular expression character, you can "escape" its meaning by using the backslash, i.e. "\", escape character.
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